# How many rerolling mills are in the Durgapur belt, and what is their output and CO2?

Canonical: https://senseible.earth/answers/durgapur-rerolling-mills-production-and-co2

About 31, making some 2.30 Mt a year of angles, channels, beams, strips and TMT bars, by TERI's 2024 study. They burn about 70,000 t of coal and 460 million kWh. At Senseible's factors that is roughly 434,000 t CO2, about 0.19 t per tonne rolled, before the billets' own emissions (estimate).

## Who rolls the 2.30 Mt

- 23 mills under 300 t a day: 0.91 Mt a year.
- 8 mills above 300 t a day: 1.39 Mt a year.
- Smaller mills buy ingots or billets and reheat them in coal fired pusher furnaces; most larger ones have induction furnaces and continuous casters feeding hot billets straight to the mill.
- Structural mills run 11 to 14 passes through roughing, intermediate and finishing stands, all on one 1,200 to 1,500 hp motor.

## Per tonne in a coal fired mill

- Reheating furnace: 100 kg of coal, about 0.5 Gcal, plus 4 to 6 kWh.
- Rolling stands: 50 to 80 kWh.
- Utilities: about 50 kWh.
- Cluster coal works out to about 30 kg per tonne overall. At 100 kg a tonne, that fits roughly 0.7 Mt of the output going through coal furnaces and the rest hot charged (our estimate).

## What CBAM sees

Bars, angles and sections are CBAM goods. For iron and steel the EU counts direct emissions only: your reheating coal, plus the embedded emissions of the billets you roll. Electricity, which is most of this cluster's own CO2, drops out. So a hot charged mill and a coal reheating mill can show the same power bill but very different CBAM figures, about 176 kg per tonne apart from the coal alone.

## Fixes TERI listed for reheating furnaces

- Recuperator on flue gas at 650 to 800 C: up to 25% less fuel.
- Excess air control and VSDs on combustion fans: 4 to 9% of fuel.
- Ceramic fibre or rock wool on walls and doors: 2 to 5%.

## Durgapur rerolling mills, CO2 a year at Senseible factors (estimate)

- Coal: 70,000 t x 1.76 = 123,200 t
- Electricity: 460 million kWh x 0.675 kg = 310,500 t
- Total: about 433,700 t; per tonne rolled 433,700 / 2.30 Mt = 0.19 t
- CBAM direct, coal fired mill: 100 kg coal x 1.76 = 176 kg per tonne, plus the billets' embedded emissions

Counts, output, per tonne figures and cluster energy from TERI's Situation Analysis of Durgapur Secondary Steel Cluster (2024), which gives 0.49 Mt CO2 at its own factors. The cluster's 460 million kWh is about 200 kWh per tonne, above the 104 to 136 kWh its per tonne table adds to, so treat the electricity line with care. CEA FY 2025-26 grid factor; Indian coal 1.76 kg CO2 per kg.

## What Senseible does here

Senseible reads coal invoices and power bills into monthly CO2 per tonne rolled and keeps the coal line apart, the part a CBAM declaration counts. It does not hold your billet supplier's embedded figure; that comes from them.

- [Your MSME carbon number](https://senseible.earth/msme-carbon-number)
- [Durgapur secondary steel and DRI](https://senseible.earth/answers/durgapur-secondary-steel-cluster-dri-carbon)
- [Raipur TMT bar CBAM figure](https://senseible.earth/answers/raipur-rolling-mill-tmt-bars-cbam-figure)
- [Mandi Gobindgarh rerolling coal and power](https://senseible.earth/answers/mandi-gobindgarh-rerolling-cluster-coal-and-power)

Sources: [TERI, Situation Analysis of Durgapur Secondary Steel Cluster, 2024 (SAMEEEKSHA)](https://sameeeksha.org/pdf/Situation%20analysis%20report%20_%20Durgapur.pdf), [Regulation (EU) 2023/956 establishing CBAM, consolidated](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/956/2025-10-20), [CEA, CO2 Baseline Database for the Indian Power Sector, version 22.0](https://cea.nic.in/cdm-co2-baseline-view?mappingId=234&lang=en)

Last reviewed 2026-11-01.