# In the Howrah galvanizing and wire drawing manual, what share of a typical unit's energy bill is oil, electricity or gas?

Canonical: https://senseible.earth/answers/howrah-typical-units-where-the-energy-bill-goes

In Table 2.4 a galvanizing unit's furnace oil is rupees (Rs) 2,555,850 of 2,847,060, or 89.8%, not the pie chart's 88%. In Table 2.5 a wire drawing unit's 135,000 kg of liquefied petroleum gas at Rs 33 is about Rs 4.46 million, above its 2.49 million of electricity, but Table 2.6 shows it as the sample's total, maybe one unit.

## Galvanizing unit, Table 2.4

- Electricity 59,346 kilowatt hours (kWh) a year, Rs 291,210. Furnace oil 85,195 litres at Rs 30, Rs 2,555,850, which multiplies exactly. Total Rs 2,847,060.
- Oil is 2,555,850 / 2,847,060 = 89.8% of the bill and electricity 10.2%. The pie chart (Figure 2.9) prints 88% and 12%. The table's own rupees give 89.8, so use that.
- Electricity here averages Rs 4.91 a kWh.

## Wire drawing unit, Table 2.5

- Electricity 295,310 kWh a year, Rs 2,487,875, an average of Rs 8.42 a kWh.
- Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 135,000 kg a year at Rs 33 a kg. The manual prints no rupee total for it; 135,000 x 33 = Rs 4,455,000, my multiplication.
- The manual's text calls electricity the principal utility in wire drawing units; its typical-unit table shows LPG ahead in rupees. Together Rs 6,942,875, of which LPG is 64% and electricity 36%.
- Table 2.6 shows the same 135,000 kg as the LPG total for the whole sample, so one unit may be the only LPG user in it. The manual does not say.

## Two things that do not line up

- Wire drawing electricity price: Table 2.3 gives Rs 4.98 to 9, average 6.11 a kWh, while the typical unit pays 8.42.
- The pie chart and Table 2.4 differ by 1.8 points on oil and the manual does not explain; this page uses the table's rupees.

## What it means for your records

1. Galvanizers: litres of furnace oil per tonne dipped is the line to watch. Power is about a tenth of the bill.
2. If you anneal on LPG, track both lines: keep kilograms of gas and kWh as two lines and divide each by tonnes drawn.
3. Use your own prices. The manual is undated, about 2010 to 2011 (its references were read in 2010), so its prices are older.

## The same two units in carbon dioxide (CO2) on today's factors

- Galvanizing: 85,195 L x 0.95 kg = 80,935 kg x 3.127 = 253.1 t from oil; 59,346 kWh x 0.675 = 40.1 t; oil is 86% of the CO2
- Wire drawing: 135,000 kg LPG x 2.985 = 403.0 t; 295,310 kWh x 0.675 = 199.3 t; LPG is 67% of the CO2

Quantities are the manual's typical units. 0.95 kg a litre is an example density; 3.127 and 2.985 tonnes of CO2 a tonne come from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 defaults for residual fuel oil and LPG; 0.675 is the grid factor for financial year 2025-26.

## What Senseible does here

Senseible reads fuel invoices and electricity bills into monthly records, so your own oil, coal and power lines are on file month by month. It does not check a published manual for you.

- [Howrah galvanizing and wire: fuel and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)](https://senseible.earth/answers/howrah-galvanizing-wire-units-cbam-carbon)
- [Galvanizing plant energy per tonne](https://senseible.earth/answers/galvanizing-plant-energy-per-tonne-benchmark)
- [Galvanizing furnace insulation: oil saving](https://senseible.earth/answers/galvanizing-furnace-insulation-oil-saving)
- [Steel wire drawing: carbon footprint per tonne](https://senseible.earth/answers/steel-wire-drawing-carbon-footprint-per-tonne)

Sources: [Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), Manual on energy conservation measures in the galvanizing and wire drawing sector, Howrah cluster (SAMEEEKSHA)](https://sameeeksha.org/pdf/clusterprofile/Howrah_Galvanizing_&_Wire_Drawing.pdf), [IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Volume 2, Chapter 1, Table 1.2 net calorific values](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_1_Ch1_Introduction.pdf), [IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Volume 2, Chapter 2, Table 2.3 emission factors](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_2_Ch2_Stationary_Combustion.pdf), [Central Electricity Authority (CEA), CO2 Baseline Database](https://cea.nic.in/cdm-co2-baseline-view?mappingId=234&lang=en)

Last reviewed 2026-11-05. Typical-unit figures are from an undated manual of about 2010 to 2011. The LPG rupee total and the carbon figures are my arithmetic, labelled above. Re-run with your own invoices and prices.