# How many tonnes does Indian forging make a year, given that the Pune, Rajkot and Chennai cluster profiles disagree: 2.3 million, 2.45 million or 192,000?

Canonical: https://senseible.earth/answers/india-forging-output-three-profiles-disagree

The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) profiles give 2.3 million tonnes for 2010-11 and 2.45 million for 2015-16. The Chennai profile says 192,000 tonnes for all of India in 2015-16, below its own Chennai table of 193,200 tonnes. Our reading is that the 192,000 is a misprint. Use the other two only as rough context.

## What each cluster profile prints

- Pune profile: Indian forging made about 2.3 million tonnes in 2010-11, up about 27%. Pune is said to supply 20% to 25% of it, which the profile puts at about 0.4 to 0.5 million tonnes.
- Rajkot profile: Indian forging made about 2.45 million tonnes in 2015-16. Rajkot's own cluster table totals 434,211 tonnes a year: 268,548 of closed die forging and 165,663 of ring rolling.
- Chennai profile: Indian forging made about 1,92,000 tonnes in 2015-16, up about 20%. That is 192,000 in the Indian way of writing numbers. Chennai's own cluster table totals 193,200 tonnes: 7,200 micro, 43,200 small, 18,000 medium and 124,800 large units.

## Where they do not tie

- Chennai alone is larger than all of India in the same profile: 193,200 against 192,000. My reading, not TERI's: a digit is missing from the national figure. The profile does not say.
- Pune's share roughly agrees with its table once you allow for who the table covers. 20% to 25% of 2.3 million tonnes is 460,000 to 575,000 tonnes, and that is all Pune forging. The profile says its production table covers only small and medium units (MSME), which make 30% to 35% of Pune's forging, while large industries make 65% to 70%. 120,000 tonnes divided by 0.35 to 0.30 is about 343,000 to 400,000 tonnes, close to the printed 0.4 to 0.5 million.
- The Pune unit ranges, which also cover MSME units only, do not quite add up to the table either. 10 units at 500 to 1,000 tonnes, 25 at 1,000 to 2,000 and 15 at 2,000 to 3,500 sum to 60,000 to 112,500 tonnes. The table's 120,000 is above the top of that range.
- The two national totals are 6.5% apart over five years: 2.45 / 2.3 = 1.065. Yet the Pune profile says output rose 27% in 2010-11 alone and the Chennai profile says 20% in 2015-16. Both yearly jumps cannot sit inside a 6.5% move unless output fell in between.

## What share does each cluster hold, if you use 2.45 million

- Rajkot: 434,211 / 2,450,000 = 17.7%.
- Chennai: 193,200 / 2,450,000 = 7.9%.
- Pune: the profile's 20% to 25% covers all its forging. Its own table of 120,000 tonnes covers small and medium units only, so 120,000 / 2,300,000 = 5.2% is the MSME share, not the whole cluster.
- Add the first two and two clusters hold about a quarter of India. That is possible, but it is worth a second look before you print it.

## What to say when someone asks

1. Give your own tonnes of good forgings despatched, by month, from your despatch records. That is the number a buyer can test.
2. If you quote a cluster, name the profile, the year and which table. If you quote Pune's 20% to 25%, say it covers all Pune forging, not just the small and medium units in its table.
3. Say whether the tonnes are bar bought or forgings sold. The profiles do not say which they count, and the gap between the two is the scale and flash lost in forging.

## Example: your share, stated plainly

- Your forgings despatched last year: 2,400 tonnes (example number)
- Against Chennai's table: 2,400 / 193,200 = 1.24% of that cluster's tonnage
- Against Rajkot's table: 2,400 / 434,211 = 0.55%
- Say: 2,400 tonnes of good forgings, from despatch records, April to March. Leave the national total out.

The 2,400 tonnes is an example. The cluster tonnages are TERI's printed tables.

## What Senseible does here

Senseible reads fuel invoices and electricity bills into monthly records, so your own fuel and power month by month are on file. The standard product reads bills; a production counter can be added on request. It does not estimate the size of a cluster.

- [Pune forging cluster fuel mix and CO2](https://senseible.earth/answers/pune-forging-cluster-fuel-mix-carbon)
- [Chennai forging units and carmaker carbon data](https://senseible.earth/answers/chennai-forging-units-auto-buyer-carbon-data)
- [Where Rajkot's forging energy goes](https://senseible.earth/answers/rajkot-forging-cluster-closed-die-energy-cbam)
- [Forging footprint per tonne](https://senseible.earth/answers/forging-carbon-footprint-per-tonne)

Sources: [TERI, Cluster profile report: Pune forging cluster (SAMEEEKSHA, 2012)](https://sameeeksha.org/brouchres/Cluster-Profile-Report-PuneCluster.pdf), [TERI, Energy profile: Rajkot forging industries (SAMEEEKSHA)](https://sameeeksha.org/pdf/clusterprofile/Rajkot-Forging-Industries-Gujarat.pdf), [TERI, Energy profile: Chennai forging industry cluster (SAMEEEKSHA)](https://sameeeksha.org/pdf/clusterprofile/ChennaiForgingCluster.pdf)

Last reviewed 2026-11-07. All figures are printed in TERI's profiles (Pune 2012, Rajkot and Chennai about 2016). Update if a newer national forging total is published by the Association of Indian Forging Industry.