# What are the emissions from processing makhana (fox nut) per kg?

Canonical: https://senseible.earth/answers/makhana-processing-emissions-per-kg

Makhana seeds are roasted, often twice, then popped by hand or machine. The roasting fuel is the main source: firewood is biogenic CO2 with methane and nitrous oxide in Scope 1, while LPG or electric roasters are fossil fuel or Scope 2. Record fuel per kg of popped makhana.

## Steps

1. Cleaning and grading seeds.
2. Roasting in pans or roasters.
3. Popping, grading and packing.

## For buyers

Popped makhana is light, so per kg figures look high next to grains. Packaging and air freight for export often matter more.

## What Senseible does here

Senseible reads the energy invoices behind the making stage into a fingerprinted Scope 1 and 2 record, and keeps material invoices on the Scope 3 trail. Material factors come from your supplier or a named database and are labelled with their source, so the product figure can be traced line by line.

- [Firewood by the quintal](https://senseible.earth/answers/firewood-by-quintal-emissions)
- [Puffed rice footprint](https://senseible.earth/answers/puffed-rice-unit-fuel-emissions)

Sources: [GHG Protocol Corporate Standard](https://ghgprotocol.org/corporate-standard), [IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Volume 2: Energy](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol2.html)

Last reviewed 2026-10-22.