# Why does condensate go cold on its way back to a Panipat boiler, and what does a pressure powered pump save?

Canonical: https://senseible.earth/answers/panipat-condensate-return-90-to-45-degrees-saving

Condensate that waits in a tank cools from 90 to 45 or 50 degrees Celsius before it is pumped back, says the Panipat survey by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). A pressure powered pump that returns it at once saves 5 to 8% of fuel, paying back in up to 10 months.

## What condensate is

When steam gives up its heat it turns back into hot water. That water is condensate. Think of the drops that form on a pot lid. It is hot water, so each litre returned saves the fuel it would take to heat a litre of cold water. TERI notes the condensate it saw had impurities, and in medium units it mixed with other liquors, so check its quality before it goes into the boiler feed.

## What TERI saw in Panipat

- In a majority of micro and small units, condensate from indirect steam use is not recovered.
- Medium units have recovery, but it mixes with other liquors, which makes it hard to use in boilers.
- TERI’s table row notes that the condensate has impurities.
- Where it is recovered from drums and dryers, it waits in a tank and is pumped to the feed water tank only when the tank is full. Because the transfer is on and off, the temperature falls from 90 degrees Celsius to 45 to 50 degrees at the collection tank.
- Steam traps are not common. A few units use thermodynamic traps, which TERI says cannot handle high volumes of condensate.

## What the table proposes

- A pressure powered pump that sends the condensate back to the boiler feed water tank continuously, so it arrives while still hot.
- Energy saving potential: 5 to 8%. Simple payback: up to 10 months.

## Two printed figures that differ

The text says the temperature falls from 90 to 45 to 50 degrees Celsius, a fall of 40 to 45 degrees. The table row says the condensate temperature is down by 30 to 40 degrees during transfer. Both come from the same survey. We cannot tell which is the better measure, so measure the temperature at your own tank before you count on either.

## Example: a boiler burning 60 tonnes of wood a month

- Saving at 5%: 60 × 0.05 = 3 tonnes a month
- Saving at 8%: 60 × 0.08 = 4.8 tonnes a month
- At the survey’s wood or biomass price of rupees (Rs) 2,200 to 3,000 a tonne (the survey year is 2014-15): 3 × 2,200 = Rs 6,600 up to 4.8 × 3,000 = Rs 14,400 a month

Example only, at the survey year’s prices. Use your own tonnes and today’s price.

## What Senseible does here

Senseible reads your fuel invoices into monthly records, so the tonnes of wood or other fuel you buy each month are on file. Set them against the saving you expect. It does not read a boiler, a tank or a pump, so the before and after records come from your own invoices.

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- [Boiler logbook: what to record](https://senseible.earth/answers/boiler-logbook-what-to-record-for-emissions)
- [Panipat fuels and carbon](https://senseible.earth/answers/panipat-textile-cluster-fuels-and-carbon)

Sources: [TERI, Energy Profile: Panipat Textile Cluster, 2016 (SAMEEEKSHA)](https://sameeeksha.org/pdf/clusterprofile/PanipatTextileCluster.pdf)

Last reviewed 2026-11-07. Figures are from the Panipat survey of 2014-15, published in 2016. The survey table prints each saving as a range with no boiler size, fuel tonnes or equipment cost. Check a current quote and your own fuel records before you rely on any payback.