# Panipat's textile units burn biomass and pet coke: what is the cluster's carbon picture?

Canonical: https://senseible.earth/answers/panipat-textile-cluster-fuels-and-carbon

Pet coke was only a fifth of Panipat's textile energy in TERI's 2014-15 survey, yet it made most of the fossil CO2, about 250,000 t a year by estimate. Biomass was 77% of the 305,950 toe used by 3,095 MSMEs. Which fuel feeds your boiler or heater decides your number.

## The cluster TERI surveyed

- Home furnishing: 1,915 units, about 195,360 toe a year, mostly heat for washing, ageing and printing.
- Dyeing and printing: 500 units, about 108,536 toe.
- Floor covering: 330 units; yarn processing and looms: 350 units. Both run mostly on electricity.
- About 65% of units are micro. Panipat makes about three-quarters of India's blankets.

## Two fuels, very different carbon

Micro and small units fire their 1.5 tph boilers on wood and upla. Medium units with dyeing, printing and stenters run thermic fluid heaters of 5 to 25 lakh kcal an hour, mostly on pet coke.

Pet coke is fossil carbon: at IPCC defaults, each tonne releases about 3.17 t CO2. CO2 from wood is reported separately from the scopes under the GHG Protocol, with only its methane and nitrous oxide in Scope 1. That is why a fifth of the cluster's energy made most of its fossil CO2.

## Fuel rules have moved since the survey

Panipat is in the National Capital Region, where rules on which fuels industry may burn have tightened since 2014-15. Before you plan or report a boiler or heater fuel, check what is approved for your area with the Haryana State Pollution Control Board, and report the fuel you actually burn, not the cluster's old mix.

## Who asks for this

- Overseas buyers of blankets, rugs and furnishings who count their supply chain emissions.
- Lenders financing a boiler, heater or stenter upgrade, who want the fuel saving in numbers.

## Boiler and heater fixes from the profile

- Three-pass boilers in place of single-pass ones, with economisers on the flue gas.
- Air preheaters and control on thermic fluid heaters, and VFDs on circulation pumps that run at full speed after the stenter reaches temperature.
- Heat recovery from hot dye liquor drained at 90 to 95 °C, and proper condensate return.

## Keep wood and pet coke apart in your books

- Fuel purchases by weight and type, with wood and pet coke on separate lines.
- Electricity bills and generator diesel invoices.
- Kg or pieces produced each month.

## Estimate: where Panipat's fossil CO2 came from in 2014-15

- Pet coke energy: 20% of 305,950 toe = 61,190 toe x 41.868 GJ = 2,561,900 GJ
- Pet coke burnt: 2,561,900 GJ / 32.5 GJ per tonne = 78,830 t
- Pet coke CO2: 78,830 t x 3.17 = 249,900 t
- Electricity: 85 million kWh x 0.675 = 57,375 t
- Pet coke is about 81% of these two lines; TERI's own total for the cluster was 383,470 t CO2

Built from TERI's 2014-15 shares with IPCC default values for pet coke (32.5 GJ per tonne, 97.5 kg CO2 per GJ) and the FY 2025-26 grid factor. TERI's total used its own factor set. Your invoices give your figure.

## What Senseible does here

Upload your fuel invoices and electricity bills and Senseible builds a dated record with each fuel on its own line and biomass kept apart from fossil fuel, so the number you show a buyer or bank matches the fuel you actually burn.

- [Get your carbon number](https://senseible.earth/msme-carbon-number)
- [Panipat exporters: EU buyer data](https://senseible.earth/answers/panipat-home-furnishing-exporter-eu-buyer-data)
- [Green finance for Panipat recyclers](https://senseible.earth/climate-intelligence/green-finance-textile-recycling-panipat)
- [Panipat shoddy yarn electricity per kg](https://senseible.earth/answers/panipat-shoddy-yarn-mill-electricity-per-kg)

Sources: [TERI, Energy Profile: Panipat Textile Cluster (2016, SAMEEEKSHA)](https://sameeeksha.org/pdf/clusterprofile/PanipatTextileCluster.pdf), [SAMEEEKSHA, Panipat textile cluster summary](https://sameeeksha.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=190&Itemid=502), [IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Volume 2 Energy (Tables 1.2 and 1.4)](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol2.html), [GHG Protocol Corporate Standard](https://ghgprotocol.org/corporate-standard), [CEA CO2 Baseline Database, version 22.0](https://cea.nic.in/cdm-co2-baseline-view?mappingId=234&lang=en)

Last reviewed 2026-10-29.