# Why is electricity most of a Penang semiconductor assembly plant's footprint, and how is it reported?

Canonical: https://senseible.earth/answers/penang-semiconductor-assembly-scope-2

Back end assembly and test run clean rooms, chillers, compressed air and testers around the clock, so grid electricity usually dwarfs fuel. Report location based Scope 2 with Peninsular Malaysia's grid factor and market based with any green tariff or certificates you hold, then split per unit for customers.

## Where the kWh go

- Clean room air handling and chillers.
- Compressed air and nitrogen generation.
- Test and burn in equipment.
- Wire bonding, moulding and plating lines.

## Two figures

Location based: grid kWh x the Peninsular factor. Market based: subtract kWh covered by a green tariff or retired certificates in your name, at zero.

## Per unit

Customers ask per device or per wafer equivalent. Split by test hours or line hours, not just units, when packages differ.

## What Senseible does here

Senseible reads electricity bills into a dated, fingerprinted record per plant; for sites outside India the grid factor is entered from the official source and labelled.

- [Malaysia grid factor by region](https://senseible.earth/answers/malaysia-grid-emission-factor-by-region)
- [Malaysia green electricity tariff](https://senseible.earth/answers/malaysia-green-electricity-tariff-scope-2)
- [Electronics fluorinated gases](https://senseible.earth/answers/electronics-plant-fluorinated-gas-emissions)

Sources: [GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance](https://ghgprotocol.org/scope-2-guidance), [IEA, electricity and emissions data by country](https://www.iea.org), [GHG Protocol Corporate Standard](https://ghgprotocol.org/corporate-standard)

Last reviewed 2026-10-21.