# A unit of India's grid power now carries 13% less CO2 than in FY 2013-14. Here is the data.

Canonical: https://senseible.earth/india-climate-data

Official figures on India's power sector, carbon market and EU CBAM exposure, each with a free CSV. Updated 2026-10-24. Senseible's calculator uses 0.710 t CO2 per MWh, the FY 2024-25 figure, while the switch to FY 2025-26 is reviewed.

## Grid emission factor, power-sector CO2 and generation

| Financial year | Grid factor (t CO2/MWh) | Total CO2 (Mt) | Renewable generation (BU) | Total net generation (BU) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013-14 | 0.774 | 727.4 | 53.06 | 939.83 |
| 2014-15 | 0.779 | 805.4 | 61.72 | 1033.76 |
| 2015-16 | 0.774 | 846.3 | 65.78 | 1092.81 |
| 2016-17 | 0.770 | 888.34 | 81.55 | 1154.39 |
| 2017-18 | 0.754 | 922.18 | 101.84 | 1223.41 |
| 2018-19 | 0.744 | 960.9 | 126.76 | 1291.92 |
| 2019-20 | 0.713 | 928.14 | 138.34 | 1301.31 |
| 2020-21 | 0.703 | 910.02 | 147.25 | 1294.77 |
| 2021-22 | 0.715 | 1002.01 | 170.91 | 1401.01 |
| 2022-23 | 0.716 | 1108.11 | 203.55 | 1547.8 |
| 2023-24 | 0.727 | 1203.36 | 225.83 | 1654.54 |
| 2024-25 | 0.710 | 1235.96 | 255.01 | 1740.54 |
| 2025-26 | 0.675 | 1189.29 | 310.58 | 1761.28 |

FY 2025-26 margins: weighted average 0.675, simple operating margin 0.963, build margin 0.446, combined margin 0.705. From FY 2022-23 figures are adjusted for cross-border transfers and include captive injection. Source: [Central Electricity Authority, CO2 Baseline Database for the Indian Power Sector, User Guide Version 22.0 (August 2026)](https://cea.nic.in/cdm-co2-baseline-view?mappingId=234&lang=en), Annexure I, page 22.

## Installed capacity, 31 March 2026

| Source | MW | Share |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Coal | 221940.01 | 41.7% |
| Renewables | 223273.43 | 41.9% |
| Large hydro | 51414.66 | 9.7% |
| Gas | 20122.41 | 3.8% |
| Nuclear | 8780.00 | 1.6% |
| Lignite and diesel | 7209.20 | 1.4% |
| Total | 532739.72 | 100% |

## Carbon Credit Trading Scheme: plants with intensity targets

| Sector | Plants | Notification |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Iron and steel | 255 | G.S.R. 517(E), draft |
| Cement | 186 | G.S.R. 739(E) |
| Textiles | 173 | G.S.R. 25(E) |
| Pulp and paper | 51 | G.S.R. 739(E) |
| Chlor-alkali | 30 | G.S.R. 739(E) |
| Petroleum refineries | 21 | G.S.R. 25(E) |
| Aluminium | 13 | G.S.R. 739(E) |
| Petrochemical crackers | 11 | G.S.R. 25(E) |
| Secondary aluminium | 3 | G.S.R. 25(E) |

Counts are unique registration numbers in each Gazette schedule, counted by Senseible. Targets use a 2023-24 baseline.

## EU CBAM default values for goods from India

| CN code | Good | Listed (t CO2e/t) | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 on |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7208 | Hot-rolled flat steel | 4.280 | 4.708 | 5.136 | 5.564 |
| 7213 | Wire rod | 4.270 | 4.697 | 5.124 | 5.551 |
| 7214 20 00 | Rebar | 4.270 | 4.697 | 5.124 | 5.551 |
| 7207 11 14 | Billets (rolled or cast) | 4.270 | 4.697 | 5.124 | 5.551 |
| 7206 10 00 | Ingots | 2.640 | 2.904 | 3.168 | 3.432 |
| 7201 | Pig iron | 2.530 | 2.783 | 3.036 | 3.289 |
| 7203 | Sponge iron (DRI) | 4.200 | 4.620 | 5.040 | 5.460 |
| 7218 10 00 | Stainless steel ingots | 6.530 | 7.183 | 7.836 | 8.489 |
| 7318 15 | Screws and bolts | 5.720 | 6.292 | 6.864 | 7.436 |
| 2601 12 00 | Iron ore pellets and sinter | 0.290 | 0.319 | 0.348 | 0.377 |
| 7601 | Unwrought aluminium | 1.870 | 2.057 | 2.244 | 2.431 |
| 7605 | Aluminium wire | 2.594 | 2.853 | 3.113 | 3.372 |
| 7606 | Aluminium sheet and strip | 4.126 | 4.539 | 4.951 | 5.364 |
| 2523 10 00 90 | Grey clinker | 1.440 | 1.584 | 1.728 | 1.872 |
| 2523 29 00 | Grey Portland cement | 1.480 | 1.628 | 1.776 | 1.924 |
| 2814 10 00 | Anhydrous ammonia | 3.280 | 3.313 | 3.313 | 3.313 |
| 3102 10 19 | Urea (over 45% nitrogen) | 2.220 | 2.242 | 2.242 | 2.242 |
| 3105 30 00 | DAP | 0.810 | 0.818 | 0.818 | 0.818 |
| 2804 10 00 | Hydrogen | 14.030 | 15.433 | 16.836 | 18.239 |

Steel, aluminium and hydrogen count direct emissions only; cement and fertilisers include indirect emissions. Mark-up 10%, 20% and 30% for 2026, 2027 and 2028 on; 1% for fertilisers.

## Fuel weight to volume (PPAC)

| Fuel | kL per tonne at 29.5 C | Multiply for 15 C |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Diesel | 1.2100 | 0.9879 |
| Petrol | 1.4110 | 0.983 |
| Kerosene | 1.2850 | 0.9864 |
| Light diesel oil | 1.1720 | 0.9877 |
| Furnace oil | 1.0424 | 0.9899 |
| Jet fuel (ATF) | 1.2880 | 0.9862 |