Panipat's textile units burn biomass and pet coke: what is the cluster's carbon picture?

Pet coke was only a fifth of Panipat's textile energy in TERI's 2014-15 survey, yet it made most of the fossil CO2, about 250,000 t a year by estimate. Biomass was 77% of the 305,950 toe used by 3,095 MSMEs. Which fuel feeds your boiler or heater decides your number.

The cluster TERI surveyed

• Home furnishing: 1,915 units, about 195,360 toe a year, mostly heat for washing, ageing and printing.
• Dyeing and printing: 500 units, about 108,536 toe.
• Floor covering: 330 units; yarn processing and looms: 350 units. Both run mostly on electricity.
• About 65% of units are micro. Panipat makes about three-quarters of India's blankets.

Two fuels, very different carbon

Micro and small units fire their 1.5 tph boilers on wood and upla. Medium units with dyeing, printing and stenters run thermic fluid heaters of 5 to 25 lakh kcal an hour, mostly on pet coke.

Pet coke is fossil carbon: at IPCC defaults, each tonne releases about 3.17 t CO2. CO2 from wood is reported separately from the scopes under the GHG Protocol, with only its methane and nitrous oxide in Scope 1. That is why a fifth of the cluster's energy made most of its fossil CO2.

Fuel rules have moved since the survey

Panipat is in the National Capital Region, where rules on which fuels industry may burn have tightened since 2014-15. Before you plan or report a boiler or heater fuel, check what is approved for your area with the Haryana State Pollution Control Board, and report the fuel you actually burn, not the cluster's old mix.

Who asks for this

• Overseas buyers of blankets, rugs and furnishings who count their supply chain emissions.
• Lenders financing a boiler, heater or stenter upgrade, who want the fuel saving in numbers.

Boiler and heater fixes from the profile

• Three-pass boilers in place of single-pass ones, with economisers on the flue gas.
• Air preheaters and control on thermic fluid heaters, and VFDs on circulation pumps that run at full speed after the stenter reaches temperature.
• Heat recovery from hot dye liquor drained at 90 to 95 °C, and proper condensate return.

Keep wood and pet coke apart in your books

• Fuel purchases by weight and type, with wood and pet coke on separate lines.
• Electricity bills and generator diesel invoices.
• Kg or pieces produced each month.

Estimate: where Panipat's fossil CO2 came from in 2014-15

• Pet coke energy: 20% of 305,950 toe = 61,190 toe x 41.868 GJ = 2,561,900 GJ
• Pet coke burnt: 2,561,900 GJ / 32.5 GJ per tonne = 78,830 t
• Pet coke CO2: 78,830 t x 3.17 = 249,900 t
• Electricity: 85 million kWh x 0.675 = 57,375 t
• Pet coke is about 81% of these two lines; TERI's own total for the cluster was 383,470 t CO2

Built from TERI's 2014-15 shares with IPCC default values for pet coke (32.5 GJ per tonne, 97.5 kg CO2 per GJ) and the FY 2025-26 grid factor. TERI's total used its own factor set. Your invoices give your figure.

What Senseible does here

Upload your fuel invoices and electricity bills and Senseible builds a dated record with each fuel on its own line and biomass kept apart from fossil fuel, so the number you show a buyer or bank matches the fuel you actually burn.

• Get your carbon number
• Panipat exporters: EU buyer data
• Green finance for Panipat recyclers
• Panipat shoddy yarn electricity per kg

Sources: TERI, Energy Profile: Panipat Textile Cluster (2016, SAMEEEKSHA), SAMEEEKSHA, Panipat textile cluster summary, IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Volume 2 Energy (Tables 1.2 and 1.4), GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, CEA CO2 Baseline Database, version 22.0

Last reviewed 2026-10-29.