How many forging units are in the Pune cluster, 160, 70 or 50, and how many of them burn furnace oil?

The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) profile gives three counts: 160 units in an early project table, about 70 forging and heat treatment units in its survey, and 50 forging units within those 70. Its furnace table adds to 68 units, of which 50 burn furnace oil or light diesel oil, roughly seven in ten to three in four units.

Where each count comes from

• 160 units: Table 1.2 of the profile, which lists the five clusters of a World Bank backed project run by the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). It says the figures are indicative, collected when the project was formed. It names furnace oil as Pune's main fuel.
• About 70 units: TERI's own survey, in the summary and in section 2.3.3. 50 forging units and 20 heat treatment units.
• 50 forging units, split in Table 2.3.3a as 5 micro, 35 small and 10 medium. The 20 heat treatment units are 13 small and 7 medium. Both add up.

Furnaces, from Table 4.2.1

• Induction or electrical resistance: 10 units.
• Furnace oil or light diesel oil fired: 50 units.
• Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or natural gas: 8 units.
• The rows add to 68, two short of 70. The profile gives no reason, and units with both oil and electric furnaces could be counted twice. Do not assume the table covers all 70 units.
• Oil or light diesel oil is 50 of 68 rows, which is 74%. Against 70 units it is 71%. Either way, about seven to three-quarters of units use an oil furnace.

Production tells the same story

• Table 2.3.5a: 10 forging units make 500 to 1,000 tonnes a year, 25 make 1,000 to 2,000, 15 make 2,000 to 3,500.
• 80,000 tonnes forged in 2011-12 over 50 units is 1,600 tonnes a unit on average, in the middle of those bands.
• The sizes fit 50 forging units. 160 is the outlier, and the profile does not explain the gap between it and 70. One possible reading, which the profile does not state: the 160 counted units beyond the forging and heat treatment shops TERI surveyed.

What to say

1. Say about 70 units, 50 of them forging, from TERI's 2012 survey. Leave the 160 out.
2. Say about seven in ten to three in four units use an oil furnace, and name the table.
3. Better still, give your own litres of oil and tonnes forged. Your furnace type is the figure that moves your carbon number.

Example: your furnace against the cluster

• Your furnace: oil fired, like 50 of the 68 rows
• If you move to induction, you leave the oil group and join the 10 electric ones
• Your oil litres a tonne and your kilowatt hours (kWh) a tonne are what a buyer asks for, not the cluster's count

Counts are TERI's printed 2012 tables. The 74% and 71% are my division of them.

What Senseible does here

Senseible reads fuel invoices and electricity bills into monthly records, so your own furnace oil or gas and power are on file month by month. The standard product reads bills, not furnace type; furnace meters can be added custom, on request.

• Pune forging cluster fuel mix and CO2
• Furnace oil per tonne: Pune, Rajkot, Chennai
• How big is Indian forging? Three profiles
• Carbon data for Chakan suppliers

Sources: TERI, Cluster profile report: Pune forging cluster (SAMEEEKSHA, 2012)

Last reviewed 2026-11-07. Counts are from TERI's 2012 profile. Check with the Association of Indian Forging Industry for a newer unit count.