What are the emissions from processing makhana (fox nut) per kg?

Makhana seeds are roasted, often twice, then popped by hand or machine. The roasting fuel is the main source: firewood is biogenic CO2 with methane and nitrous oxide in Scope 1, while LPG or electric roasters are fossil fuel or Scope 2. Record fuel per kg of popped makhana.

Steps

1. Cleaning and grading seeds.
2. Roasting in pans or roasters.
3. Popping, grading and packing.

For buyers

Popped makhana is light, so per kg figures look high next to grains. Packaging and air freight for export often matter more.

What Senseible does here

Senseible reads the energy invoices behind the making stage into a fingerprinted Scope 1 and 2 record, and keeps material invoices on the Scope 3 trail. Material factors come from your supplier or a named database and are labelled with their source, so the product figure can be traced line by line.

• Firewood by the quintal
• Puffed rice footprint

Sources: GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Volume 2: Energy

Last reviewed 2026-10-22.